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تاريخ التسجيل : 24/06/2009
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 | موضوع: camels موضوع عن الجمل بالانجليزي  السبت أبريل 30, 2011 1:01 am | |
| هذا موضوع عن الجمل بالانجليزي
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The Camel
Nature's true nomads.
Camels have lived in some of the most desolate corners of our planet, and not only do they live, they thrive. Most large animals are unable to survive in these kinds of desolate places. This is because of their large requirement for resources such as food and water. Camels are able to use this to their advantage as a survival strategy. By living in deserts, mountains, and other arid places Camels are able to avoid predators, and others who would compete for resources. Camels are only able to do this because of their amazing ability to efficiently use the resources their environments provide. A camel can travel long distances which allow them to take advantage of the maximum number of resources. They can withstand a massive amount of dehydration which allow them to survive not only between watering holes, but sometimes between seasons. When at a watering hole camels are able to gorge themselves and rehydrate quickly. For food, camels are omnivorous. They can eat almost anything be it vegetation, meat, or bone,-- salty or sweet, a camels stomach knows no limits. But it is their temperament that is truly endeared the camel to man. Docile and sweet under a caring hand, but stubborn and angry if ill treated, the camel both wins your heart and your respect.
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Arabian Camels
An overview of camels and man in Arabia.
Perhaps nowhere else on earth is more associated with the camel than the Arabian Peninsula. Their story is not one of a free population; however, but of a domesticated animal. Throughout history, Arabian camels have served the needs of humans, and have benefited from that service as a species. Humans have in fact assured the survival of camels for thousands of years and quite literally led them to success as a species that they probably would never have had on their own. The camel has played such an important role in Arab culture that there are over 160 words for "camel" in the Arabic language. [1] The geography and climate have combined to define an entire culture with the camel at its core. This certainly must be seen as high praise of this remarkable animal.
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A camel's face.
Image Source: eNil / License under Creative Commons 2.0
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As early as 1800 BC, trade routes from Asia and Africa crossed the Arabian Peninsula carrying spices, incense, gold, ivory, and silk on their way to Europe and the lands of the Fertile Crescent. [2] Camels were used by the Nabateans in the first century BC, on their way from the Gulf of Aqaba to the trading capital of Petra in central Jordan. [3] Camels were used by the Bedouin, whose warriors formed the nucleus of the Muslim armies that conquered the Byzantine and Persian Empires in the 7th century AD. [4] War, trade, and civilization -- all riding on the back of a hump.
At the beginning of the 18th century, nomadic Bedouins still made up a large percentage of the total Arab population. However, since then, their numbers have sharply declined, starting with the introduction of new Ottoman land laws in the mid 18th century that abolished the communal ownership of land, which is a basic ingredient of nomadic life. In modern times, contemporary governments with their need for taxation, conscription, and political control of their populations, have systematically restricted the movements and power of Bedouins since the early 1900s. And finally, the oil boom and rapid modernization with its economic implications have all accelerated their decline. In the 1960s, nomadic Bedouins represented 10 percent of the total Arab population. By the late twentieth century, they represented only an average of 1 percent. [5] For better or worse, their nomadic way of life will soon be a matter of historical interest rather than survival.
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Image Source: "Deaf Dude" / License under Creative Commons 2.0
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Although chicken is the most widely consumed domestic meat in Saudi Arabia today, camel meat could be the meat of the future especially in health-conscious Western countries. This is because camel meat has no cholesterol and hardly any fat, since the fat is concentrated in the camel's hump, which can weigh up to 80 lbs. (36 kg) and can be easily discarded. [6] [7] If a camel's fat was distributed over it's body like a humans, it would insulate the body and make it harder to cool down. [8]
The genus Camelus is divided into two species, Camelus Bactrianus (Bactrian, two-hump camel), and Camelus Dromedarius (dromedary, one-hump camels). [9]
The Camelidae family includes:
Genus Camelus:
Camelus dromedarius (dromedary, one-hump camel)
Camelus bactrianus (Bactrian camel, two-hump camel)
Genus Lama:
Lama glama (llama)
Lama guanicoe (guanaco)
Lama pacos (alpaca)
Genus Vicugna:
Vicugna vicugna (vicugna) [10]
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A pair of walking camels.
Image Source: Tadd and Debbie Ottman / License under Creative Commons 2.0
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You can easily remember their names if you will imagine a capital letter "D" lying on its side on the back of a dromedary camel forming a single hump, or imagine the capital letter "B" on its side on the back of a Bactrian camel forming the double hump. About 90% of the camels in the world today are dromedaries. [11] While the term dromedary is used throughout the world to describe the species in general, the word originally comes from the Greek "dromos" which means road, and is technically referring to the racing or riding dromedaries. True riding dromedaries can travel 80 to 120 mi. (128.75 to 193.12 km) per day carrying a rider. Their cousin dromedaries (called baggage camels) have a heavier build and are capable of carrying as much as 992 lbs. (450 kg), but usually only carries about 441 lbs. (200 kg) loads. A baggage camel can travel up to 40 mi. (64.37 km) per day, a caravan will usually average only about 12 mi. (19.3 km) per day, depending on how fresh the animals are at the start, and how long the trip is expected to be. They travel at about 2 mph (3.25 kmph) fully loaded, and 2 1/2 mph (4 kmph) unloaded. [12] [13] Camels prefer to walk, particularly when it's hot; but when speed is required, they either gallup or pace. The pace is a medium-speed movement which uses both legs on one side at a time, this produces a swaying or rocking motion and can make riders "seasick." This swaying motion is actually where the camel gets its moniker of "ship of the desert." [14]
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